Solar Powered Auto Irrigation System

Solar Powered Auto Irrigation System CAREER EPISODE 2 CE 2.1 INTRODUCTION My second career episode describes about my project named Solar Powered Auto Irrigation System, which deals with irrigation technique helpful for farmers. I made this project during my 7th semester of engineering. It was completed in six months semester duration. It was completed under the supervision of Prof. Ashima Kalra, electronics lecturer. I completed my Bachelors degree in Electronics and Communication from Surya School of Engineering Technology, Punjab, India. CE 2.2 BACKGROUND Solar energy is the most abundant source of energy in the world. It is a friendly form of energy as well as an answer to energy crisis. My project solar powered irrigation system will be useful for farmers. It just requires an initial investment and then it provides a free energy and is a green way for energy production. This system uses solar power that drives the water from bore well to tank via water pump. The controller automatically regulates the output valve of the tank. It also controls the flow rate of water and optimizes it for the use of water using moisture sensor. Thus, it needs to be used with available telecommunication technology. Plant growth and their produce are to govern or increased directly or indirectly by automating the agricultural field that monitors and controls climatic parameters. CE 2.3 The idea and goal behind opting for this project was to provide a system in which automatic irrigation can be done to plants which would help in saving water and precious time of farmers. It is designed and fabricated in such a way that it would provide fresh water to irrigate the crops to all the farmers. The idea for pursuing this project clicked to me when I was analyzing the problems faced in daily life by common people. And then I realized that the methods of irrigation that is used is one of the oldest technologies having various methods in it. And we always want methods that are fast, efficient, and effective to deliver adequate water to crops. So, the new Agricultural solar method would ensure that the crops are being maintained and the farmers no longer need to slave themself to manual grind of having to carry water in their buckets. CE 2.4 I made a work flow plan for my project. I divided it into various parts to process through it systematically and assigned a time so that my project is completed in that period. First step involved to do some research work on the project and abstract realization. Then analysis on the components to be used was done. Then I started to prepare a block diagram and schematic diagram of the project. I also gave time to learn about the controller and its way of interfacing. And the last stage involved implementing the hardware and software part and gave a troubleshoot before writing the final report thesis. CE 2.5 PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY The pre-implementation research work on the topic helped me gain knowledge on the components that are required. It involves: PIC18F4520 microcontroller it is faster than other series of microcontrollers and can also be interfaced through USB and allows to simulate the program before it can be downloaded on it. Soil moisture sensor many soil moisture sensors make a soil moisture probe that can measure the content of water in the soil. Senses the high/low level of moisture than the threshold set. Solar panel it is directly mounted on the support structure and is a photovoltaic module, a set of solar photovoltaic modules or solar thermal energy panels. LCD display used to get the details of process taking place at that time. Motor two motors are used to give a rotatory movement to the irrigation system. These described above are the main building parts of my project. With the help of all these components its block diagram was prepared which is shown below. CE 2.6 The next step was to put this block diagram in practical implementation. I started with soldering component parts on the circuit and interfacing the LCD, sensor, and motor to the PIC18F4520 microcontroller. It was a little complex structure and involved deep concentration as any mistake would short the whole circuit. The later part involved designing the program on MPLAB software. It is a software that runs on PC and can be used to develop applications for microchip microcontrollers. It provides a single integrated environment that can be used to write programs for embedded microcontrollers and are also known as IDE, Integrated Development Environment. CE 2.7 The development cycle for writing an application code involves various stages. This controller allows embedded system design engineer to progress through this cycle without interruption between an array of tools. It allows engineers to concentrate on writing the code without any interruptions of separate tools and different modes of operation. The basic development system for my project involves the below stages. Using various available tools, a code is written, there is a project manager who organizes all file and databases and settings information. There is some hardware or software part that is useful in connection to the targeted controller and an assembler that is used for code conversion i.e. source code to machine code. CE 2.8 A flow chart was prepared based on the programming code that was used for my irrigation system. The steps and process along with the flow of program can be described using an algorithm as: Step 1: start of the process Step 2: GSM gets the initial power Step 3: it will check for moisture level Step 4: if the level is more than 50%, irrigation is not required Step 5: irrigation is required if moisture level falls below 50% Step 6: it initializes the motor Step 7: gives a brief report about the process/progress Step 8: after the completion of complete process it goes back to the original state. CE 2.9 And the final stage involved to perform a test run and troubleshooting. I tried to solve the maximum problems and errors in the software by myself. If I was unsuccessful in them, I made a list of problems and errors so that I could approach my project guide for the help and learn the technique that would be helpful in solving such errors and later implement it by myself. This type of irrigation system can be customized as per the need and the type of crop and is also having low maintenance. It is designed and developed in such a way that it can be scaled and customized for large open fields or for greenhouses. It has lot of scope for future expansion. One can make use of temperature monitoring in compost production or internet controlled duplex communication can be implemented which would help in taking powerful decisions. Such systems require low maintenance and attention and give long term benefits economically and is environment friendly. CE 2.10 There were many stages which involved complication and trouble pursuing it. The very first and big challenge was to complete it on time. As the process and implementation was a long and tedious process it took time for making it perfect. I made lot of mistakes while synchronization and interfacing of the components with the controller on the circuit board which intern was a delaying my project and making it costly as many components were not interfaced properly and got broken. Even after all such problems I didnt held myself back, I went on with my project by taking steps of guidance and consulted my professors as and when needed. In the end, it was completed and was made as I planned for it. CE 2.11 SUMMARY My project solar based irrigation system was completed on time and proved to the control system that gave real time feedback on monitoring and controlling of all the activities involving auto irrigation system very efficiently. It is a system that proved to be a manpower saver, that would incur profit and improve the production. It is a modernized structure in the agriculture industry with the optimum expenditure. In future, pesticides and fertilizer system can be implemented and added to this system so that it can be added automatically. It can also be developed so that it would measure the ambience temperature, humidity level or light intensity required. This project was a building block in my career. It broadened my views in terms of technology and helped me develop and grow myself as an engineer and market ready. It taught me to handle difficult situations and made me strong enough.

ALS DISEASE Oral Notes :: essays research papers

ALS- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Lou Gehrig’s disease- Yankee B-Ball player 1903-1941 Neurodegenerative disease- Unknown cause breaks tissue down in nervous system. Motor Neurons- they control muscle movement Affects nerves from the brain to the spinal cord (upper motor neurons) then the lower spinal cord (lower motor neurons) which control muscle movement. With this disease, for unknown reasons, these neurons die, meaning a progressive loss of the ability to move nearly any of the muscles in the body. Lou Gehrig’s disease affects voluntary muscles, controlled by conscious thought, such as the arm, leg, and trunk muscles. ALS DOES NOT affect the heart muscle, or the â€Å"smooth† muscle of the digestive system, bladder, and other internal organs. Most keep eye movement as well. â€Å"Amyotrophic†- means the loss of muscle bulk. â€Å"Lateral† indicates the spinal cord being affected. â€Å"Sclerosis† describes hardened tissue that develops in the place of healthy nerves. 50,000 approximately people in the US, 5,000 new cases each year. Onset between ages 40-70, usually. Men have a slightly higher chance of developing ALS. Normally, neurons in the spinal cord and brain convey messages from the brain to muscles to give movement to the arms, legs, trunk, neck, and head. When the motor neurons die, the muscles can’t move, with weakness in result. Loss of bulk is also a symptom. Loss of Lower motor neurons can make twitching. Two forms are known- Familial and sporadic. Familial accounts for about 10% of all Lou Gehrig’s cases. Sporadic LGD has no known cause. The earliest sign of LGD is weakness in arms or legs, and the throat and mouth muscles.-Speech slurred, hard to chew and swallow. Other early signs are twitching and muscle loss. Later symptoms lead to the loss of the ability to walk, use arms and hands, to speak clearly or at all, to swallow, and to hold the head up. Eventually coughing and breathing become difficult.

2 Body Paragraphs- Journey of the Magi

Journey of the Magi- T. S Eliot Two body paragraphs using PEEAL, including 2/3 good examples This poem, Journey of the magi by T. S Eliot explores the idea that a journey can involve obstacles and challenges. The magi are faced with difficulties, hardships and discomforts such as the hostility from the natural world and humans and sleep deprivation. In the first stanza the line â€Å"The ways deep and the weather sharp† an inverted syntax is used to put emphasis on the sufferings and difficulties of the journey.Along with this line in the first stanza a list of complaints are written, â€Å" Then the camel men cursing and grumbling/ and running away, and wanting their liquor and women,/ and the night-fires going out, and the lack of their shelters, and the cities hostile and the towns unfriendly/ and the villages dirty, and charging high prices. :† the use of listing in this stanza conveys to the reader the adversities faced by the animals, men and the magi. Listing cre ates a accumulative effect, causing the impact and feel of the complications to increase as the list goes on.An assumption about journeys that can be made from this poem is also that physical journeys lead to personal growth or altered perspectives. The magi once they have witnessed the birth of Jesus cannot see anything in the same light anymore. The line in the last stanza â€Å"I should be glad of another death† suggests the persona almost looks forward to his eventual death now that he understands that there is life after death. It could also mean that the persona yearns for another renewal or another moment of new understanding. In the last stanza the line â€Å"but set down/This set down.This:† is an enjambment that places emphasis on the new understanding that the magi have achieved. It is also a monosyllabic line, which arrests the pace of the poem and forces the reader to stop and pay attention to the message of the persona. A great example showing the change of perspective by the magi would be at the end of stanza 3, the word choice of â€Å"these kingdoms† and â€Å"alien† adds to the magi’s feelings of separation from the old world order and â€Å"palaces† in stanza 1 compared to the choice of words in stanza 3 â€Å"places† illustrates the idea of a new perception and outlook on life.

Public And Universal Healthcare System Essay - 1206 Words

The availability of healthcare is an extremely important issue in the United States. There are millions of Americans that are uninsured in the U.S. A high amount of uninsured people are from minority groups such as Hispanics and African-Americans. High deductible payments, the cost of prescription drugs, and lack of health insurance coverage cause many Americans to choose to live without insurance to save money for everyday expenses beside healthcare. Without health insurance, people do not have access to quality healthcare. Most citizens are aware of the issues in the healthcare system, but the disagreement comes when discussing how the best approach on ameliorating the system. Some believe that a more public and universal healthcare system is the best approach. Others believe that America works best through free enterprise and private institutions, and believe health insurance should be more privatized. However, health care has been shown to work best and be more available through proper public government control as it will allow for all Americans to have access to equal healthcare, in which money does not dictate health. Health insurance is important as it allows people to receive health care. However, health insurance providers are not equal, which result in an unequal quality of care. Private health insurance leads to an increase quality of health care. This is show in the article â€Å"A National and State Profile of Leading Health Problems and Health Care Quality for USShow MoreRelatedHealthcare Systems And The United States Healthcare System Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pages Abstract   Universal Healthcare sounds appealing, but it actually lowers the quality and quantity of healthcare services that are rendered to patients, thus downgrading the healthcare system as a whole.   Not having to pay, with everyone having coverage leads to longer wait times for medical service and many people overusing health care services. Implementation of Universal Healthcare in the United States would lead to a detrimental crippling of the nation’s health system. For those countries thatRead MoreUniversal Healthcare in America710 Words   |  3 PagesThe United States having universal healthcare Michelle Garbarino Eng 122 James Meetze February. 25, 2013 Should the United States have Universal Healthcare? The question of Universal Healthcare in the United States has valid and non valid arguments with supporters on both sides of the issue. Millions of Americans do not have affordable health care insurance. The main question is who is responsible to provide this? Is it feasible for government to pay for the lack of health care by taxpayer’sRead MoreHealthcare Systems And The United Kingdom1652 Words   |  7 PagesUndoubtedly, healthcare services can maintain or improve both physical and mental health of individuals and it is crucial for all the citizens. Therefore, a majority want to receive free and approachable healthcare service irrespective of their social background, age or health status by the government. However, a well-organized and effective free healthcare system is complicated to provide to the public and the government will face enormous challenges and dilemmas when they authorize the citizensRead MoreEssay On Frances Healthcare System868 Words   |  4 Pagesof Fr ance’s healthcare system with America’s healthcare system, and the various positive and negative factors associated with them leaves much to be desired for America’s healthcare coverage. France’s healthcare system is a form of universal coverage associated with the National Health Insurance (NHI) model (PBS Frontline, 2008). America’s healthcare system is more of a complex and fragmented system that incorporates parts of all four healthcare models (Skolnik, 2016). While both systems have positiveRead MoreHealthcare Systems And The United Kingdom1547 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper outlines the differences between the healthcare systems of the United States and the United Kingdom and expands on what that means for the health and wealth of the citizens of these countries. The U.S. and the U.K. are two different countries with two very different healthcare systems. The U.S. healthcare system is the Affordable Care Act, (ACA) and is the attempt by t he U.S. to provide affordable healthcare coverage. he U.K. healthcare system is publicly financed and managed by the NationalRead MoreHealth Policy And Process Hlsc 3631u1444 Words   |  6 Pagescentury with many developing countries around the world providing universal healthcare, but efforts in the United States are unsuccessful in implementing health reforms. In the documentary (Frontline) examines the worsening economy and broken healthcare system around the United States. With millions of Americans losing jobs, unemployed, uninsured and leading to bankruptcy, which has taken a toll on peoples lives and the healthcare system. This paper will examine and discuss the care identified in SickRead MoreThe United States Vs. Canadian Healthcare System882 Words   |  4 PagesCanadian Healthcare System ​There are different models of universal healthcare systems. The first is compulsory insurance which demands that residents should buy insurance; various legislations usually enforce this request.   Another type of universal insurance is the single payer health care system which  is defined  by the government providing funding for the health care services. The United States health care system uses the former while Canadian system utilizes the latter. The National healthcare insuranceRead MoreUniversal Healthcare At Costa Rica859 Words   |  4 PagesUniversal Healthcare in Costa Rica Veronica B. Ortner Miami Dade College Universal Healthcare in Costa Rica Aside from being an amazing place to vacation, Costa Rica has some of the best healthcare in Latin America. In the U.S. healthcare is outrageously expensive. Even with Obamacare, some people can’t afford it. Costa Rica has universal healthcare, which has been up and running for more than 70 years, where everybody is cover. In an article written by Chris Gilbert for the Centre Daily Times heRead MoreBismarck Model And Other Universal Health Care1259 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States as compared to Bismarck Model and other universal health care systems is lacking control and so fragmented especially to other nations. Bismarck Model or as stated in the text book â€Å"the insurance model† is known as the oldest health care model (Kovner Knickman, 2011). Although, every employer and employee (payroll deductions) contributes according to income (Kovner Knickman, 2011). Bismarck varies in the â€Å"basic coverage† from one country to another (Kovner Knickman, 2011)Read MoreHow Capitalism Can Save American Healthcare817 Words   |  4 Pagesacronyms are so close in alphabetical sequence; a consumer could easily get healthcare plans confused. Dr. David Grazier author of â€Å"How Capitalism Can Save American Healthcare† interviewed a colleague named Bob who agreed that healthcare is too complicated, he shares â€Å"the confusion--the prices are inscrutable, the ever-rising costs, the questionable quality, the chaotic lack of information. That is the micro-level of healthcare† (Grazier). Chapter five from the text Health Policy the organization,