Book Review - 1213 Words

Book Review by Martha Hall Findlay, March 2011 Approaching Public Administration – Core Debates and Emerging Issues Edited by Roberto P. Leone (Wilfrid Laurier University) and Frank L.K. Ohemeng (University of Ottawa); 2011, Emond Montgomery Publications I recommend this book to all Members of Parliament. I will go further, and suggest that it should be mandatory reading for all Ministers. As an MP, I was very pleased to be asked to read it and to provide my thoughts. As I responded when first asked to do this, â€Å"We are seeing some real challenges in our public administration, and this will encourage me to read a book that I know I should read, but which I might not otherwise rush to.† This is true, and therein lies a big challenge—this†¦show more content†¦The discipline that results from those forces, and how that affects all levels of management, does not naturally exist in government. The book has done a good job of offering the different perspectives to date, but I hope to see more discussion on how to combine the best of both worlds. It is telling that the essays discussing the role of the private sector in delivering public services are NOT part of this discussion, but found in a separate section of the book. My only comment on those chapters would be to suggest that our procurement processes need to evolve to better understand what is being asked for in terms of private delivery of services, why, and what limits there need to be. I hope to see more analysis comparing both theory and practice in this regard. As an MP, I particularly enjoyed the chapters addressing questions such as â€Å"Do Politicians Control Government?†, â€Å"Should the Bureaucracy be Politically Neutral?† and â€Å"Is Ministerial Responsibility a Dead Concept?† These go to the core of the relationship between, on the one side, the politicians and the policies they are mandated to implement by the people who elected them, and on the other side, the civil service, representing the need for a consistent, effective, efficient, reliable provision of the various services that over time we have deemed to be part of the public service. The essay by Tom Urbaniak, â€Å"Ministerial Responsibility: A Post Mortem† is based on a very blunt, butShow MoreRelatedBook Review : A Review Of A Book Review1431 Words   |  6 Pages Book reviews are just that: a review of a book. They can be used for news articles, blogs, or academic journals. A book review is more than just a book report. It can give the reader more of an insight into not just the book, but the author as well. Most authors write of what they know. For example, some authors have backgrounds in law enforcement so they write about cases they know or have worked. Other authors research groups of people, for example the Knights Templar, and write of whatRead MoreFor this assignment I read the book reviews Limits of Endurance ‘Defiant,’ by Alvin Townley; He700 Words   |  3 PagesFor this assignment I read the book reviews Limits of Endurance ‘Defiant,’ by Alvin Townley; He Accused ‘An Officer and a Spy,’ by Robert Harris; Breaking In ‘The Burglary,’ by Betty Medsger. For the book review Limits of Endurance ‘Defiant,’ by Alvin Townley the reviewer seem to have thought fondly of this book while writing majority positive things about this novel. The review He Accused which went over the novel ‘An Officer and a Spy,’ by Robert Harris seemed to be majority mixed to the pointRead MoreReview Of The Book Thief Essays1174 Words   |  5 PagesReview of: The Book Thief by Markus Zusak It seems sometimes like the market for young adult literature is written down to the readers, almost in a condescending manner. That is why a book like The Book Thief by Markus Zusak is so refreshing in this sea of cookie cutter romances and fantasies. While classified as a young adult novel, it deals with very serious themes. The book’s cover comes printed with this label: â€Å"It is 1939. Nazi Germany. The country is holding its breath. Death hasRead MoreBook Review: The Kite Runner Essay1110 Words   |  5 Pagesparents were killed and left him alone. All in all, the themes in this book shows us powerful messages. In addition, the author’s objective in this novel was probably to appeal to the reader’s emotion. In the book, there proves to many happy and sad moments. Such as when Amir finally got Baba to notice him a bit, and then there was the sad moment where Amir learned that Hassan has passed away. Also, the main conflict in this entire book was revolved around gaining acceptance and forgiveness from otherRead MoreBook Review : Gone Into History1183 Words   |  5 PagesDenise Kirkpatrick 12/8/2016 Essay 3 Gone into History What distinguishes a good read from great literature? James Patterson and Michael Ledwidge wrote a novel together named Gone, it was published in 2013 by the Hachette Book Group. Gone is an important piece of American Literature with their short, attention grabbing storylines. They use a colloquial style of writing that will have you feeling as if the story could be real, and their short chapters give an impression of it being fast paced andRead MoreReview : Book Review916 Words   |  4 Pageslargely ranged from mixed to positive, with criticism being much more nuanced and muted than the comment books and national press. Former Librarian of the United States Congress and Historian, Daniel Boorstin, was a notable exception, who led the charge against the exhibit commenting in the first guestbook that it was â€Å"perverse, historically inaccurate [and] destructive.† Most academic reviews were positive, especially praising the catalogue which provided considerably more nuance d and detailed analysisRead MoreBook Review822 Words   |  4 PagesBOOK REVIEW FREEDOM IS NOT FREE BY SHIV KHERA Submitted by: Particulars of the Book Title in full : Freedom is Not Free Written by : Shiv Khera Publisher : Macmillan India Ltd Price : Rs 295 Pages : 223 pages Aim 1. To review the book â€Å"FREEDOM IS NOT FREE â€Å"by Shiv Khera. AboutRead MoreBook Review1441 Words   |  6 PagesBOOK REVIEW COMPANY COMMAND THE BOTTOM LINE BY: JOHN G. MEYER,JR. IG ASSESSOR STUDENT OFFICER LT ABHISHEK SHARMA YO’S FD-1606 ‘B’ TP CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. About the author 3. About the book 4. Quality of presentation Read MoreBook Review : Book 903 Words   |  4 PagesFor this reading assignment we were reading chapters 1, 2, and 3, I find it helpful to me to read, take notes on and write out summaries as if this was two books. I will start off each time with Wes the author. As the book open we have Wes remembering a day that he and his older sister Nikki, were playing a game. Wes caught her and not knowing what to do, punched her in the face. Joy, Wes’ mother was very upset because Wes had hit a â€Å"girl†, and set him to his room. Wes’ father calmed Joy down byRead MoreBook Review1706 Words   |  7 PagesGagandeep Singh Book Review A thesis can be defined as something an author tries to prove to their audience. A History of the World in Six Glasses by Tom Standage provides a very brilliant thesis. Tom Standage’s thesis is to inform the audience reading the book about the six vital drinks that helped make up history. He explains this by showing how the drink influenced major events around the globe. He begins with beer which the oldest from the six drinks and ends with the youngest drink Coca-Cola

Analysis Of The Garden Of Eden - 1124 Words

In the traditional Church-inspired depiction of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, Eve is responsible for taking the fruit and tempting Adam. In contrast, Michelangelo shows egalitarianism by depicting both Adam and Eve being equally responsible. Adam and Eve are not interacting with each other but are both taking the forbidden fruit from the tree. By employing traditional Jewish imagery in his â€Å"Temptation and Expulsion of Adam and Eve†, Michelangelo promoted a revolutionary change to the relationship between Christianity and Judaism. In depicting the serpent according to Jewish teachings, and portraying Adam and Eve as having the same responsibility towards the sin, Michelangelo reprimanded the Church’s failure to recognize Jewish origins. His goal was to teach people to be open to universal ideas towards religion and philosophy. The Fall of Man – Titian 1550 Titian was a painter of the Venetian School. Forty years after Michelangelo painted â€Å"The Fall and Expulsion of Adam and Eve†, Titian completed â€Å"The Fall of Man† (Appendix II). Titian’s painting became part of the collection of King Phillip II. It is now found in The Prado. Titian depicted the same scene as Michelangelo but in a different manner. In contrast to Michelangelo, Titian did not incorporate Jewish teachings but added much richer colors to his painting. In addition, Titian portrayed the thematic element of the serpent with a baby’s face and the thematic element of the relationship between Adam and EveShow MoreRelatedGarden Of Eden Analysis1620 Words   |  7 PagesThe story Garden of Eden introduces the first man and woman that God created. He put the two of them in a garden where they did not have to provide for themselves. God said everything that was in that garden they could use to their abilities except the tree of good and evil. Everything was perfect until Eve let the Devil bribe her into eating from the tree. Once God found out, he came to the garden looking for them. When they heard his voice they hid. Here is where the alienation comes in. God hadRead MoreAnalysis Of The Garden Of Eden978 Words   |  4 Pages The painting chosen to examine is The Garden of Eden by Francesco Solimena. This painting was created between 1725-30. The medium of the painting is oil on canvas. The scale, although not specified, appears to be about a couple feet high and a couple feet long. The general subject matter is Adam and Eve in the garden of Eden. It seems to be before they have discovered the forbidden fruit. The figures seem to be embracing everything the garden has to offer, they seem content and comfortable in theirRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Garden Of Eden 1521 Words   |  7 PagesPart A: †¢ Garden of Eden- Genesis 3:8 The Garden of Eden is what God made in order to place the first man ever created. God also grew beautiful tress in the garden, including the the tree of life and the three of knowledge of good and evil. †¢ Tower of Babel- Genesis 11:1-9 The Tower of Babel is a tower that was built in order to show that the people in the town can make a name for themselves, and not be moved all around different places on Earth. The top of the tower was built to reach heaven. †¢Read MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Garden Of Eden 1915 Words   |  8 PagesUpon entering the Garden of Eden, one will find a bountiful place where two naà ¯ve humans reside. Eden’s beauty surpasses the imaginable; it contains crystal rivers, friendly animals, and trees bearing wondrous fruit. Adam and Eve live under the care of God. Dwelling in this beautiful garden free from sin allows one to assume that Adam and Eve are created pure and good. However, free will prevents the pair from remaining sinless. Humans are not pure because of their ability to choose. Milton believesRead MoreAnalysis Of Fritz Lang s Metropolis And The Garden Of Eden 1955 Words   |  8 PagesFreder, in a lush garden surrounded by a harem of beautiful and scantily clad women. This scene was likened to the Garden of Eden by Jerold J. Abrams in The Dialectic Enlightenment in Metropolis (167), as Freder is happy and innocent while inside it, and knows nothing other than the heavenly world he was given. Ironically though, what leads to his â€Å"casting out† of the garden, is not a devilish figure, but rather an angelic one. He first spots Maria who takes children to the garden, referring to theRead MoreAnalysis Of Enuma Elish s The Garden Of Eden Essay2327 Words   |  10 Pages.. There was nothing ... nothing but Old Father Apsu and Mummu-Tiamat, Mother of All Living. This describes a series of Gods that were created and later gained wisdom leading to a similarity to Genesis presenting the tree of knowledge in the Garden of Eden and so says: Increasing in wisdom, in understanding and in ...strength. Apsu planned to destroy the gods to form a universe of order in a chaotic world. Ea is another god who kills Apsu to prevent what he had planned. Genesis also describes aRead MoreThe Use of Symbolism in Rappaccinis Daughter1295 Words   |  6 Pagesimagination, analysis, and poetic wording. His short stories are known for their originality and for their ability to provoke the readers thoughts. Although a large portion of his stories are allegories, Hawthornes preference is to draw more heavily on symbolism (Pennell 13). His use of symbols adds depth to his stories and helps to reveal different aspects of his characters. In Rappaccinis Daughter, Hawthorne uses symbolism to create a modern day tale of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. ThereRead MoreThe Sacred Space And Sacred Spaces Forged By The Divine1582 Words   |  7 Pages36). Using a comparative analysis of biblical texts and scholarly articles, this paper will discuss how a sacred space, specifically Jerusalem, manifests itself through God’s choosing. Therefore Jerusalem is the holy dwelling place of the divine, because God chose it through his application of multiple hierophanies and his establishment of axes mundi within the city’s walls. Jerusalem as a sacred dwelling place is reflected though its similarities to the Garden of Eden, where God created the firstRead MoreHuman Sin in Boschs Garden of Delights Essay1569 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Sin in Boschs Garden of Delights Hieronymus Bosch, a Nertherlandish painter is known for his fantastic visual interpretations of hell, death sin and folly. Little is known about Bosch except that he spent his life in the provincial town of sHertogenbosch and that he died an old man in 1516. His work, full of weird and seemingly irrational imagery has proved so difficult to interpret that much of it despite the remarkable insights contributed by recent research, remains unsolved. This studyRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Great Gatsby 1579 Words   |  7 Pagestherefore his literature demonstrates it’s religion. For example, when Giovanni, the medical student, is observing Doctor Rappaccini’s garden. The first thing he notices is all the great vegetation. As he continues observing, he sees Rappaccini is touching the plants with gloves and he is being very careful not to inhale its fragrance. He wonders if this garden is the Eden of modern times in the following passage: Nevertheless, in spite of the deep intelligence on his part, there was no approach to intimacy

Disagreement Aid in Pursuit of Knowledge free essay sample

â€Å"The important thing in science is not so much to obtain new facts as to discover new ways of thinking about them.† William Lawrence Bragg The heart of science is an essential balance between two seemingly contradictory attitudes- an openness to new ideas, no matter how strange they may be, and the other is to be skeptical of all ideas, old and new. Theories in the sciences are built around hypotheses that are supported with evidence, and that corresponds to and is coherent with current knowledge. Most importantly, theories in the sciences must, by nature be able to be falsified. Theories by definition can never be proven completely right; at best, they can stay untouched by arguments of the opposition. As a result, throughout history, humans have been known to argue and disagree on just about everything. From religion to science and with a wide range of perspectives, it does not seem as if humans will agree and be on the same page as each other. Disagreement is central to the process. Disagreements in most cases are thought to be negative and quite often they are negative but it can be positive at the same time when it leads to the search of new knowledge. Logically, disagreements can lead to the pursuit of knowledge. I think that disagreement is necessary for a deeper understanding in all endeavors. If we only surround ourselves with those who agree with us then we will never stretch our minds or test our limitations. In natural sciences, it is very common for scientists to argue with one another regarding academic findings or theories because of their emotions. When a new theory is presented, scientists will immediately try to counter the theory, resulting in disagreements. They may disagree in terms of the set-up of experiment, methodology, data collection or analysis. These disagreements will result in new experiments or research being conducted by those who disagree, thereby aiding in the pursuit of knowledge. The pursuit of knowledge helps scientists to find problems and discover new evidence to improve their ideas. As a result, new evidence is available and more research can be made to refine a theory or idea. Since no ideas are complete, they can be changed as time goes by with new findings. An example would be the popular disagreement of creationism and the theory of evolution. Darwin disagreed with the theory of creationism leading to his pursuit of knowledge and his development of evolution. His disagreement resulted in his desire to answer his questions to satisfy his natural curiosity. Many people thought Darwin’s theory was blasphemy to the church and disregarded his theory. Despite these accusations, Darwin’s pursuits of knowledge lead to the discovery of natural selection and furthered knowledge. Without his disagreement of creationism, we would not have obtained the knowledge of natural selection. In the human sciences, disagreements also aids in the pursuit of knowledge. Disagreements may result in new research or it may be in the form of new ideas or perspectives. Due to the experiments not easily replicated in the human sciences, it is common to come up with alternatives points of views. So, the pursuit of knowledge can be aided by new views and theories as a disagreement to earlier views. Emotion and culture can elicit disagreement. This is more important in human science than natural science. People have different ways of viewing development. The two main economic disagreements include Keynesian economics and free-market economics by Hayek. The Keynes-Hayek Showdown has been popular in response to government involvement in the economy. Economists in different countries and within a same country often disagree about the correct method to deal with economic problems. Government and politics when they disagree, they will try to come up with different solutions. The new solution represents new knowledge developed in order to further research. Cultural background in the human sciences can highly influence disagreements and aid to the pursuit of knowledge. Take for example women’s rights and its development throughout the years. In the Victorian Era, culture played a role in which allowed society to view women as property and dependent upon a man to be able to make it in the world. Little attention was given to women since they did not have any rights. It took activists and reformers’ disagreement of male oppression to fight for their rights to vote and have a voice for themselves. Women such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott fought for women’s rights and formed the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Many campaigns were set up for women’s suffrage and took nearly 100 years to win that right. On August 26, 1920, the 19th Amendment to the Constitution was finally ratified, allowing all American women and declaring for the first time that they, like men, deserve all the rights and responsibilities of citizenship. If not for the disagreement of culture standards and challenging it, women would not have been able to receive the same rights as men. Due to the fact that the human mind is designed to believe in falsification, disagreement will never end with ideas or experiments. Different methodology, uncertainty and evaluation in natural science provide the new knowledge only if the result is more applicable than the previous theory. Once you have a working theory then you would expect your results to confirm your theory, which results in confirmation bias. For example, if you get a working theory that says that cells behave in a certain way then you will expect that you can make a prediction and it will be true. If it does not come true, this shows that your theory is wrong and your desire to prove your theory helps to drive your pursuit of knowledge. The more evidence you find to support your theory, the more confident you become that your theory is right. For example, Nicolaus Copernicus’ model of a sun-centered solar system was developed to prove Claudius Ptolemy’s model of an earth-centered solar system wrong. Copernicus’ disagreement aided his pursuit of knowledge and lead to his discovery of the earth revolving around the sun rather than the sun revolving around the earth. Through his disagreement, he was able to formulate the model accordingly to his evidence he gathered. Additionally, falsification allows scientists to research and develop new ideas to contribute to already discovered knowledge. The new ideas create a window for innovations to arise in the world through the discovered knowledge. While disagreements are good, too many disagreements can slow down the pursuit of knowledge in the sciences since perception can elicit disagreement. At some point, an agreement is required to allow conflicting theories to be put to rest in order to move on and pursue further knowledge of other subjects. Otherwise, researchers may not know which direction they should take and may end up confused with what to do. With too many disagreements, anomalies occur in the development of research and become questionable evidence. Additionally, science regulations would become strict since there is no agreement, which allows us to disregard all â€Å"accepted† knowledge in the sciences. The challenges of disagreement are the inability to believe theories presented to us since they are so frequently disagreed on. Too many alternative views can end up muddying the situation. Sometimes, much progress in the pursuit of knowledge can be achieved when we agree, then we can proceed much faster in the pursuit of knowledge. In most cases, it does not advance knowledge but restrict it from developing into something much more. Overall, I believe that disagreement between individuals is a key factor that unravels more knowledge learned than before. We all definitely have blind spots, and the different views of people may help us in achieving greater knowledge. However, it is only effective when based on reason as way of knowing. The disagreement makes you changes your model, your theory and it does not always prove the previous to be wrong it only shows that the new theory is more reliable. Falsification helps science to progress and is always followed by a pattern shift. I personally like disagreements simply because it helps me to gain new knowledge. Despite disagreement can become somewhat out of control, the conclusions achieved are definitely worth it. Therefore, in order to move on the next level in both natural and human science we need to disagree.

Osmosis Experiment Essay Example

Osmosis Experiment Essay Aim:- To find out what happens when potato chips are put in different strength sugar solutions.Prediction:- I think that the chips we place in the stronger solution will shorten in length. In the distilled water I think that the length will increase. The amount that the chips shorten will be determined by the strength of the solution, the weaker the solution the less they will shrink.Hypothesis:- Osmosis is the movement of water across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration. This happens in our experiment because; the outer layer of the potato chips is a partially permeable membrane. These have tiny holes in them, which only water molecules can get through. Inside the potato chips there are sugar molecules and a few water molecules.If we place the potato chip in a water solution because the water molecules in the chip and in the water are bouncing around they are going to find there way through the holes. But because there are more water molecules on the out side in the solution there are going to be more molecules going through into the chip tan out of it, because of this the chip will increase in size. The sugar molecules are much larger and are unable to pass through the partially permeable membrane. Take a look at the picture below.Preliminary Work:- In our preliminary work we used a partially permeable membrane, which in this experiment was Visking Tubing, filled with a sugar solution. In the top of the Visking tubing we placed a tube, then placed it in a beaker of water. The water molecules diffused into the Visking Tubing through Osmosis, because the sugar molecules in the Visking Tubing are to large to pass through the partially permeable membrane the contents of the tubing gets larger and the solution makes its way up the tube in the top of the Visking Tubing.Method:- We will cut up 10 pieces of potato to the same length, which will be 3.5cm, there will be ten pieces so that we can do each strength twice. The potato chips will all be measured using the same ruler so if the ruler is out, all the potato chips will have the same amount out. They will all be taken from the same potato so we know the have the same water and sugar content. We will be uses the strengths: Distilled water, 0.2m, 0.4m, 0.6m, and 1.0m. Using test tubes we will put one piece of potato in each, then we will 6ml of solution to the tube. Then we will put them in a test tube rack and leave for 1 hour at the minimum to get the best results. If we leave it for to long the potato chips start to go rotten. We will take each one twice so that we can get an average.Safety:- If we spill any of the solutions on the floor we will have to clean it up straight away otherwise someone could slip over on it and serious injure themselves. Also we should be careful when using the scalpel because it will be very sharp.The results table we will Use:-ConcentrationTry 1BeforeTry1AfterTry 2BeforeTry 2AfterAve rageDistilled Water0.2m0.4m0.6m1.0mObtaining EvidenceAim :-To find out what happens when potato chips are put in different strength sugar solutions.Prediction and Hypothesis :-Same as in the planMethod :- As PlannedLength Of Potato StickConcentration (m)Try 1Length Before (mm)Try 1Length After (mm)Try 2Length Before (mm)Try 2Length After(mm)Average Length After (mm)Change in the length of chip (mm)Distilled Water3537353637+20.2353635343600.43535353334-10.63533353333-21.03532353131-3Equation to work out the average = Try 1 After x Try 2 After / 2= Average AfterAnalysisScientific Explanation :- Osmosis is the movement of water across a partially permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration. This happens in our experiment because; the outer layer of the potato chips is a partially permeable membrane. These have tiny holes in them, which only water molecules can get through. Inside the potato chips there are sugar molecules and a few water molecules.If we place the potato chip in a water solution because the water molecules in the chip and in the water are bouncing around they are going to find there way through the holes. But because there are more water molecules on the out side in the solution there are going to be more molecules going through into the chip tan out of it, because of this the chip will increase in size. The sugar molecules are much larger and are unable to pass through the partially permeable membrane.From looking at the graph and the table of results I can see that Osmosis has taken place in this experiment. I know this because if we look at the distilled water we can see that water molecules have moved through the partially permeable membrane of the potato chips in to an area of lower water concentration, we can tell this because the chip has increased in length. Then if we have a look at the 0.6m concentration we can see that this chip has decreased in length, so again we can see osmosi s has taken place because the water molecules from inside the potato chip have more from the high concentration of water molecules to the lower level of concentration.EvaluationOur experiment on the whole was a success with no problems all the way through. As far as we can tell our experiment was scientifically sound. We didnt have any major anomalies in our set of results, but we did have a few off the line of best fit. If you look back at my graph you will see that there are two, the 0.4m and the 1.0m, these could have been caused by, us not measuring them as accurately as we did with all the other ones, these two could have had less solution than the other ones or they could have been a different size to the other chips.I think that in this experiment we should have had a continuous concentration level, by this I mean that it shouldnt of gone: Distilled water, 0.2m, 0.4m, 0.6m, 1.0m. There should have been a 0.8m in there to give us more accurate readings. We can predict from our graph what it should be but that is exactly an accurate way of doing it.To follow up this experiment with another experiment I would do the same thing again but this time I would use more concentrations, they would be distilled water, 0.1m, 0.2m, 0.3m, 0.4m, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0m. This would give us a more accurate reading. Also to get a more accurate reading I would do each one 5 times to get a much better average over all 5. I would then plot these into the same table as I have done is this experiment and then draw to different types of graphs, to get a better look at my results.

Garbage Pollution

Garbage Pollution Introduction Human activities are largely attributed to the loss of the planet’s biodiversity. The impact of man on the environment is so enormous since he has facilitated the rate of species extinction a thousand to ten thousand times the normal rate (Derraik, 2002). The extinction of marine life for instance, has been accelerated by waste debris and the global climatic variations.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Garbage Pollution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The twenty first century has been marked by a dramatic technological advancement that has uplifted the standard of living. However, this has also come with a great cost since the materials produced are difficult to dispose without affecting the environment. Plastic bags, household garbage and electronic waste are such products, which have posed a great risk to the environment since the means of disposing them is difficult (Derraik, 2002). Th esis: Garbage remains are a burning problem that we have to face today. It is close to everyone who lives in the world because we product trash every day. In most of the world, we do one of two things with our ordinary garbage: burn it or bury it. Neither one is good for us or for the environment. Burning garbage in incinerators releases dangerous gases and dust which contribute to global warming and pollute lakes, forests. How to reduce the garbage remains become a big issue for everyone. Land Pollution Typical house hold waste contains papers, cardboards, chlorine-bleached plastics, foils, food scraps and batteries (EPA, 2011). Averagely, in the U.S, a single person can produce 3.72 pounds garbage daily, where 40% of 50 million people living in the non-metropolitan region of the nation are estimated to burn their waste (backyard burning), while 63% of the total daily garbage is incinerated in burn barrels. As a result, more than 1.8 billion pounds of garbage from household is inci nerated in burn barrels annually (MDEQ, 2005). According to Hill (2010 p.345), more than ‘500 billion one-time-use plastic bags’ are used annually in the world and end up being littered ubiquitously to comprise waste/misuse. At the same time, plastics are non-biodegradable and burying them only destroys the ecosystem, posing a hazard to marine ecosystems. Plastics are polymeric, highly non-biodegradable and persist for a long time in the natural environments (Hill, 2010). Electronic wastes/e-waste comprises of discarded electronic appliances such as computers, phones, TV, and fringes. These are hazardous when improperly disposed in landfills or when incinerated. For instance, the Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) present in televisions contains phosphors and lead that contaminates the land and water if improperly disposed, or when there is transfer of the ash from the incinerators. Such landfills contaminate the surrounding soil which in turn contaminates the underground water (M DEQ, 2005). Air Pollution Plastics are derivatives of fossils fuels with varied chemical properties hence, complicating the recycling process. Therefore, burning garbage particularly the ones containing plastics, pollute the atmosphere through emission of toxic gases. Many have volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) such as chlorine/bromine that are released on burning and destroy the ozone layer.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Carbon dioxide and monoxide released from burning organic matter also accumulates in the atmosphere. Ultimately, they deplete the ozone layer resulting to global warming, which is the chief facilitator of climate change (MDEQ, 2005). PVC in particular, releases dioxin upon burning. Dioxin is an organic chemical, which has detrimental health effects when inhaled since they are carcinogenic and bio-accumulative. Incineration emits flue g as that contains hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) such as carbon monoxide and dioxide, nitrogen oxides, benzene, styrene, dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), furans as well as heavy metals like lead, arsenic and mercury, which significantly pollute the environment (MDEQ, 2005). Burn barrels release smoke containing hydrochloric acid and formaldehyde, which irritates the respiratory system and eyes. Formaldehyde is present in pressed wood and paints. On the other hand, bleached papers and plastics contain chlorine, which releases dioxins when combusted with other garbage at minimal temperatures. Dioxins cause cancer, immune system dysfunction and birth defects (EPA, 2011). On the same note, statistics from 2002 to 2004 indicates that backyard and barrel burning comprised 57% of the source of furans and dioxins (U.S. Department of Health, 2011; EPA, 2011). More so, combusting garbage with synthetic materials emits heavy metals that are carcinogenic and implicated with some birth defects. Combusting polystyrene polymers present in foam cups and plastic packaging produce styrene gas that can pass through skin as well as lungs and mucous membranes to cause damage to the central nervous system (U.S. Department of Health, 2011). Water Pollution Some plastics and electronic wastes go ahead to breakdown into simpler toxic products that pollute the underground as well as the running water when buried or left to litter in dumpsites. After incineration of electronic wastes and plastics, the ashes finally find their way in rivers and lakes thus posing a hazard to marine life. Mercury, dioxins, Furans and PCBs bioaccumulate in the ecosystem and therefore, they are transferred through the food chain. When plastics pile together due to poor disposal, they clog drainages and sewers leading to floods, where mosquitoes and other pathogens breed causing poor sanitation with serious health implications (Derraik, 2002).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Garbage Pollution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The ash from incinerators may contain hazardous products, which when buried or placed in the landfills, contaminate the soil. Mostly, they contain heavy metals most of which are carcinogenic e.g. cadmium, lead mercury from batteries as well as chromium and arsenic from treated wood. These accumulate in plants or contaminate ground and running water. Garbage debris moves to the oceans, killing the marine life such as zooplankton and marine turtles. Garbage discarded in beaches and from ships into the waterways or through fishing nets could ultimately be eaten by marine life, obscuring their digestive systems. Some are strangled, entangled or trapped by the debris causing the organisms to drown/starve, become exposed to predators or unable to hunt their prey. These are some of deleterious impacts of marine debris facilitated by garbage littering, which jeopardize the existence of th ese organisms (Derraik, 2002). The ingested plastics also contain polychlorinated biphenyls that are hazardous to invader species. Moreover, the marine ecosystems also face the danger of hypoxia/anoxia, due to garbage debris that imbalance its usual functioning (Derraik, 2002). Solutions and Recommendations The economic implications of garbage cannot be ignored since enormous amount of money is spent in clearing and treating the litter, addressing public health concerns and recycling. International legislations and cooperation should be oriented towards conserving the environment through proper disposal of garbage, recycling of plastic and use of alternative packaging that are biodegradable or long lasting bags that can be reused severally. Moreover, public awareness should be enhanced through education of the wider community through the school curriculum. International relations facilitated by the concept of ‘Thinking globally and acting locally’ significantly address the environmental threat posed by garbage disposal (Derraik, 2002). Garbage pollution can be managed through recycling measures or banning of plastic bags used in packaging. Alternative ecofriendly means of packaging should be drafted while high taxes should be imposed on the manufacturer and consumers of these plastics. Electronic waste can also be recycled and refurbished. ‘Reduce’, ‘Reuse’ and ‘Recycle’ are the 3Rs that go a long way in handling the issue of garbage. Pre-cycle entails selecting items that are less packaged or those that can be reused. Reuse of old papers, plastic bags and cans, offering old clothes for charity as well as using a coffee mug rather than disposable cups is crucial. Reduce, refers to minimizing the household garbage through purchasing economy packs and avoiding wastage of papers. Recycling of plastics and papers, cardboards and even e-waste should be upheld (U. S. Department of Health, 2011).Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Biodegradable garbage should be left to decompose in a composite pit while the rest should be placed in licensed landfills. To sum it all, backyard burning should be regulated in all countries particularly in the rural regions since it does not only pollute the air but also comprises a significant emission of toxic residue that poses a high risk to the public health and more so, decrease the quality of life. Burn barrels that facilitate incomplete combustion to emit very toxic compounds should be regulated. Therefore, licensed incinerators with filters and temperatures exceeding 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit to facilitate complete combustion, should be embraced to minimize hazardous emissions. References Derraik, J. G. (2002). The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 44(9), 842-852. Hill, M. K. (2010). Understanding Environmental Pollution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ). (2 005). Backyard Burn Barrels Vs. Municipal Waste Combustors. Retrieved from https://www.michigan.gov/ U. S. Department of Health. (2011). Does Burning Trash Make it Disappear: Stop Backyard Burning. Retrieved from https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/outdoors/air/trash.htm United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2011). Outdoor Air Industry, Business, and Home: Backyard Trash Burning Additional Information. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/

9 Great Mark Twain Quotes on Travel, Writing, and Life

9 Great Mark Twain Quotes on Travel, Writing, and Life SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Mark Twain has been a household name since the nineteenth century. Known for the bestselling adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer, Twain has also gained popularity for the pithy words of wisdom he shared. Mark Twain's Biography Mark Twain grew up in the town of Hannibal, Missouri, which was the setting of both Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer. Before he became a renowned author, Twain was an apprentice to a printer, then went on to be a typesetter for a newspaper company owned by Orion Clemens, his older brother. Twain attributed his later success in journalism and writing to his experiences working in mines and on riverboats. Christened by William Faulkner as â€Å"the father of American literature,† Twain authored some of the most popular works in American history, including A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and more. 9 Great Mark Twain Quotes Mark Twain was known for his quotes about life, honesty, racism, productivity, and more. Here are some of the best Mark Twain quotes about life. Mark Twain Quotes About Honesty "If you tell the truth, you don't have to remember anything." â€Å"Mark Twain's Notebook" edited by Albert Paine. According to Mark Twain's quote on honesty, telling the truth saves you from the stress of having to remember the lives you’ve told. Life is easier, the air feels fresher, and stress melts away if you live your life simply and honestly. Mark Twain Quotes About Conflict "Whenever you find that you are on the side of the majority, it is time to pause and reflect." "Mark Twain's Notebook" edited by Albert Paine. In this quote, Mark Twain examines the value in swimming against the current. According to Twain, people that refuse to conform with the crowd become leaders, while others are followers. The quote asks the reader to consider: why stay with the crowd? What can be gained? What can be lost? Mark Twain Quotes About Conformity "Loyalty to petrified opinions never yet broke a chain or freed a human soul in this world - and never will." "Bite-Size Twain" by Mark Twain Like the previous quote, this quote highlights the futility of staying loyal to a thought or opinion that doesn't make sense. In fact, Twain goes so far as to say that sticking to ideas held in the past actively prevents progress. Mark Twain Quotes About Imagination "You can't depend on your eyes when your imagination is out of focus." "A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court" by Mark Twain This quote highlights the idea that your eyes are fallible: they’ll see what they want to see. If you want to see something, you’ll see it, even if it’s not already there. Mark Twain Quotes About Popularity "The best of us would rather be popular than right." "No. 44, the Mysterious Stranger" By Mark Twain This Mark Twain quote calls out one of humanity’s biggest faults: most of us would rather be beloved than correct. That desire for acceptance and appreciation drives us more than anything else. Mark Twain Quotes About Prejudice "I have no race prejudices nor caste prejudices nor creed prejudices. All I care to know is that a man is a human being, and that is enough for me; he can't be any worse." "Concerning the Jews" by Mark Twain This quote by Mark Twain highlights the writer’s view of prejudice. Twain indicates that all he cares about is whether or not someone is a human being. Nothing else matters. Mark Twain Quotes About Temptation "To promise not to do a thing is the surest way in the world to make a body want to go and do that very thing." "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" by Mark Twain This quote highlights a well-known conundrum: nothing makes you want to do something like being told you can’t do it. Mark Twain Quotes About Productivity "I must have a prodigious quantity of mind; it takes me as much as a week sometimes to make it up." "The Innocents Abroad" By Mark Twain Here, Twain highlights his tendency towards procrastination. He’s not the only one who avoids decision-making! Mark Twain Quotes About Travel "Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and narrow-mindedness, and many of our people need it sorely on these accounts. Broad, wholesome, charitable views of men and things cannot be acquired by vegetating in one little corner of the earth all one's lifetime." "The Innocents Abroad" By Mark Twain According to Twain, travel is the antidote for prejudice. When you see the world, you can’t help but open your eyes to different kinds of people. â€Å"It liberates the vandal to travel - you never saw a bigoted, opinionated, stubborn, narrow-minded, self-conceited, almighty mean man in your life but he had stuck in one place since he was born and thought God made the world and dyspepsia and bile for his especial comfort and satisfaction.† â€Å"The Wit and Wisdom of Mark Twain† by Mark Twain This quote follows a similar train of thought as the previous quote: travel helps people learn about and appreciate other peoples and cultures. Mark Twain Didn’t Say That There are plenty of quotes attributed to Mark Twain. There are also plenty of quotes inaccurately attributed to Mark Twain. Here are some of our favorite quotes that Mark Twain didn’t say: â€Å"If I had more time, I would have written a shorter letter.† â€Å"The secret of getting ahead is getting started.† "Be careful about reading health books. You may die of a misprint.† â€Å"Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things you didn’t do than by the ones you did do.† â€Å"Never put off until tomorrow what you can do the day after tomorrow.† Mark Twain Quotes: Final Thoughts As a famed writer, it’s not surprising that so many of Mark Twain’s sayings have made it to present day. Did we include your favorites? Let us know in the comments. What's Next? Not sure what literary devices are or how to use them? Here are some in-depth posts on imagery, assonance, point of view, and personification that define these important terms and show you how to find them in literature. Learning to interpret poetry? Luckily, we have great resources for you! Check out this post that walks you through a complete analysis of the poem â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night.† Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Hayley Milliman About the Author Hayley Milliman is a former teacher turned writer who blogs about education, history, and technology. When she was a teacher, Hayley's students regularly scored in the 99th percentile thanks to her passion for making topics digestible and accessible. In addition to her work for PrepScholar, Hayley is the author of Museum Hack's Guide to History's Fiercest Females. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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History The World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History The World - Essay Example Competition for such resources as land marked top of the list. This is because the nomads made their temporary homes in favorable places. Being an arid area, water was scarce. Farmers always fought over the small rivers that provided water for the large numbers of tribes. In some cases, the nomads made the temporary homes along the rivers to feed and water their camels and other domestic animals. Other resources like pasture and climate contributed to the choice of temporary homes for the nomads. Again, the nomads held a notion that the settled communities were rich and had lots of private property. This led to raids and theft marking another cause of resentment. Skirmishes erupted from these raids and increased theft hence the war in Darfur. Illiteracy and poor conflict resolution skills led to increased fights among these two communities; hence the negative attitudes. According to Skuratowicz (4), Sudan’s pastoralist and nomadic thing has become more of a way of life than a choice. This has been caused by the tough climatic factors that the country faces ever since. Nomads and the already settled communities fight over grazing rights of their animals. The local governance has not been strong enough to help solve problems caused when nomads find way through the farmers land, and has led to even more conflicts and negative attitudes. Even though it is their duty to solve the problems and see to the needs of the citizens, it is almost evident that someone is sleeping on their job towards working against these causes of conflict and negative attitudes. In addition, during the colonization time, the colonizers grabbed and owned the best land then. This led to fights between the colonizers and the colonized. The people of Sudan are nomads in their own land. This is another obvious cause of resentment towards the settlers despite the fact that some obtained those fertile lands in a legitimate systematic way as is noted by

Logistics Technologies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Logistics Technologies - Research Paper Example Military logistics is critical in the battlefield for the army to accomplish their strategies. The success of any military operation depends on the organization of its logistics, which acts as the backbone in any military operation. During the 1812 War and during World War II involving the Third Reich’s Sixth army, â€Å"the enemies severed their logistical capabilities on their march to Moscow, making them vulnerable and easy prey for the Russians who laid in wait† (De Rosario et al, 2009). The armies ran out of water, food, ammunitions and fuel, with the Russian winter making the situation much worse. Due to the great distances involved, there was no communication among the various commanders on the ground and from their command base, thwarting any efforts of coordinated operation. Consequently, in the spring season, â€Å"the armies could not adequately resupply their diminishing stocks and greatly lowered their resistance against a much stronger advancing Russian U ranus forces† (De Rosario et al, 2009). There was communication breakdown as the entire army network was broken; generally, the failure was because of poor logistics planning in establishing the relationship between intelligence in the war, operations needed and the logistical issues that facilitate communication. Military operations are solely dependent on the logistics laid down to support the operation. It follows that to enhance reliability and effectiveness in military operations, integrating technology in the logistic process is a critical aspect to consider in any military related logistic process. Logistics is critical to the functioning and success of any army operation. Any change in the operation strategies has to affect how such changes have to be supported. Technology is currently the single most important aspect in ensuring smooth army operations and great support, leading to

An EVil Cradling - Rape Commentary Essay Example for Free

An EVil Cradling Rape Commentary Essay This passage from Brian Keenans An Evil Cradling describes in first person narrative the scene when Said beats Brian in a manner analogous to a rape. This event gives us an insight into the guards weaknesses and their dependency on the hostages, making them in a paradoxical way- the actual prisoners. On the other hand, Brians and Johns defiance and mutual support suggest the rising determination which gives them control over the guards. Throughout this passage, the author demonstrates us that mental resistance is more powerful than any physical abuse, and Brian even states that the later feeds the first. The narrator claims that There was a part of me they could never bind nor abuse nor take from me. This suggests that physical maltreatment will never be able to reach into peoples minds, because mental strength cannot be bent. Brian also discovers that his resistance was a joyful thing and that the more he was beaten the stronger he became. However, the narrator makes it clear that it was not strength of the arm, nor of body but a huge determination never to give in to these men. This shows that physical exploitation and abuse humiliates their body, but at the same time it empowers intellectual strength and might. The limitations of the beatings are further emphasised in the quotations the blows and the bruises and the kicks hurt me but I felt no pain and I did not fear him. These suggest that the expected effects of the beatings like pain and fear, which could have been used as weapons against the prisoners, were no longer applicable for Brian and John. In this way, the hostages possess the ultimate power, the psychological one which gives them control over the guards making them their slaves. In the course of this passage is suggested that Said is sexually repressed by his religion and so in an attempt to relieve this he beats prisoners in a sexually excited manner. The narrator describes him as a violent lover and his abuse of my body a kind of rape. A lover implies a need for love and possibly sex. However, the guards strict religious views try to inhibit these natural feelings, and as the women in Lebanon are forbidden from having relationships with men before they are married, many men might find themselves in a controversial situation. To shows their masculinity, they turn into violent lovers and try to prove their power by physically subduing others. Brians summary of Said as a man so filled with fear and fascinated by violence and obsessed with sex seems to confirm this point. The guards are fearful and confused because of their repressed emotions that cause them frustration and anger. This explains their sudden changes in behaviour that occur throughout the novel from being caring and innocent into beating and humiliating the prisoners. Said is illustrated by the narrator as a wild and repugnant, almost animal-like person. While beating the prisoners the guard is silent and never talks to them. This implies his savagery, almost as if he lost his ability to speak, which makes him similar to an animal. The fact that he comes by night, shows that he wants to remain hidden from the view this further emphasising his feral inclinations during these moments. Brian gives a detailed account about Saids smell which was a mixture of sweat, strong sweetness and garlic, all of these combining into a violent aroma, which filled the room. These physical portrayals of his scent convey the feeling of disgust and loathing that Brian felt for the duration of this mental rape. The extract I sniffed the air like an animal suggests that something savage and inhuman happened, that Saids assault was beyond the boundaries of a humane deed. On the other hand, we have Brian and John whos humane gestures are highlighted by Saids savage behaviour. Initially Brian claims that he felt an elemental rage and he imagines the pleasure that he would gain from castrating Said. However, after a short while they both laughed together and the moment of violence became meaningless. This suggests that humour gives them sufficient strength to overcome their frustrations and unlike the guards they dont have to turn into violence to relieve their disturbances. After the fierce scene, the two whispered soft words of comfort and reassurance to each other. This emphasises the power of love, friendship, mutual support and provides a more positive and emotional sight after the violent event of the rape. Throughout the novel the hostages and the guards try to overcome their own fears, doubts and frustrations. This passage from the chapter Rape illustrates the ways in which they attempt to do so. Brian and John conquer these negative feelings by supporting, loving and laughing with each other. However, the confined fanatical views of the guards dont allow them to do so, so they seek control and relief by physically abusing others. In spite of this it seems that the psychological defiance of the hostages is a more powerful weapon than the beatings of the guards and so the ones that are somewhat in control in the prison are not the sentry, but the prisoners themselves. In this way, the author nicely concludes that humane and caring behaviour will triumph over brutality and violence.

Dropping Out of School :: Why Students Drop Out

An efficient educational system is the one that achieves the teaching objectives without wasting time and money, but what happens when the goals are not reached? There are three options for the student pass the grade, repeat it or dropout of school. According to Ruebel, Ruebel, and O’Laughlin (2001), â€Å"School dropout is described as a process of disengagement in which students become more and more alienated from school and withdraw to the point of dropping out† (p.58). When students decide to drop out of school they are diminishing the opportunities to succeed, and lacking themselves from the tools of competing in our society today for a better future, they are at risk to engage in criminal activities and become dependent of the government system like welfare. A person that has been educated will have more possibilities to compete for a good job, and have a good quality of life. Woods explained that risk factors for dropping out of school exists in all life domains (i.e., individual family, school, community, peer relations), and the likelihood of a student dropping out of school increases as these risk factors accumulate (as cited in Christle et al., 2007). The phenomenon of dropout is caused by a variety of reasons, which must be studied to determine possible solution and prevention. According to Azzam (2007), the dropouts in her study identified five major reasons for leaving school and stated them as the following: Students were bored with school (47%); had missed school to many days and could not catch up (43%); spent time with people who were not interested in school (42%); had too much freedom and not enough rules in their lives (38%); and were failing (35%). (p. 91). Financial difficulties is a strong factor for the desertion of school, and even when the student does not want to leave the school he/she has to do it because of the family lack of financial resources. Diyu (2002) found that family financial difficulties are the primary reason for dropping out school. Also, migration by the parents from place to place looking for better job opportunities does not give the children the stability, confidence, they need. In their study, Morris, Pawlovich, and McCall, found that having several sibling or older siblings factors into the school leaving formula (as cited in Terry, 2008). Older siblings have to take care of the young ones because the parents cannot afford the payment of the day care.

Manhunt: American Civil War and James L. Swanson Essay

a) In Manhunt, by James L. Swanson, John Wilkes Booth assassinates Abraham Lincoln because he has very strong beliefs that African Americans should have rights. In the success of Lincoln’s attempt to preserve the Union and free the slaves, Booth took matters into his own hands by killing Lincoln. Although this was a very extreme way to deal with things, I can connect Booth’s passion to myself. His cause was not good, but he set out to do what is right in his eyes and did it. I can connect his motivation in doing things to myself. My passion is to live my life as environmentally friendly as I possibly can. Some things I do are take caps off water bottles, and bring them to centers where they collect them. I always try to get my mom to only buy products that were made from recycled materials this way there is less garbage in landfills. This is something I am very passionate about as Booth was in rights of African Americans. b) I can relate Manhunt to ‘Romeo and Juliet’ by William Shakespeare. There is a similarity between John Wilkes Booth and Romeo in the way that they are very rash characters/people. They both don’t use their heads, and this ends them both up in bad positions. Booth thinks by shooting Lincoln this will benefit the cause of the South, but it ends up making a big mess for the whole country. Romeo thinks by killing Tybalt, Juliet’s cousin, this will avenge the death of his friend Mercutio, but he ends up being banished ruining his relationship with Juliet. Both their plans end up in turmoil because of their impulsive behavior. If they would have thought things through more they could have seen that their actions were nonsensical, and would not result in any type of benefit to either of their causes. c) Martin Luther King Jr. was another great leader like President Abraham Lincoln who believed in equal rights for African Americans. Both courageous people tried their hardest to accomplish it, and really did change America for the better. President Lincoln ended slavery as this was the result of the civil war, and King fought against segregation and discrimination. In the end both fell victim to assassination because of their brave actions and beliefs. For both Lincoln and king there were people who thought that what  they were doing was wrong and decide to stop them. For Lincoln it was John Wilkes Booth who assassinated the President in Ford’s theater to avenge the South. James Earl Grey assassinated King because he was a racist, and did not want segregation to end. Although they died fighting for equality their ideas, and words did not. Personal Reaction: All over the world there are people who live under corrupt governments, and there is always a person who starts the catalyst for change. In Tunisia a revolution started, but many people do not realize how. Al Bouazizi was a poor 26-year-old right out of college and struggled to get a job to support his family. When no work was to be found he got himself a cart and sold fruit on the street. A police officer said he did not have the paperwork to have the cart so Bouazizi took a stand. He burned himself in front of a government building to protest the unjust government. This is what Tunisia needed to get their selves to stop the corrupt government, and thus the revolution started. Al Bouazizi did not live to see how his heroic actions will change the history of Tunisia, but he was the hair on the camel’s back that made the citizens of Tunisia say this is enough. To take such a valiant stand is remarkable as was when John Wilkes Booth assassinated President Abraham Lincoln. Booth’s beliefs contradicted Lincoln’s and Booth was determined to stop him. Bouazizi and Booth both believed that their leaders were corrupt, and risked their lives to stop them and make a stand. Booth killed President Lincoln to avenge the South after their loss in the civil war. Bouazizi made his stand to show the government no matter how hard you try to do what is right there is no way to make it under Tunisia’s corrupt government. They were both very hardworking people, and not ready to give up all that they worked for, and I do not blame them. Some people might call their actions rash, but for them to have that much courage is remarkable. After Bouazizi’s stand started the revolution started, and set the country into mayhem; this was much like the United Sates was during the Civil War. The South disagreed with the North and thus a war started. They had  different views on rights of African Americans, and social differences. The South was based on the plantation system while the North was focused on city life. This change in the North meant that society evolved as people of different cultures and classes had to work together. On the other hand, the South continued to hold onto an old-fashioned social order. This could be related to how the citizens of Tunisia revolted against the government. Tunisia is much like the South they thought they were being short-handed so they decided enough was enough. The South seceded, and Tunisia revolted. They did not like what the government was telling them, and said enough was enough. The South needed slavery for their cotton farms, and was not giving it up without a fight. Tunisia’s employment was almost nonexistent; there were no opportunities to be had, and it just was not fair anymore. Different people, time period, and place, same problem.

Kwality Walls vs Dinshaw

MANAGEMENT THESIS ON â€Å"FACTORS INFLUENCING TO PURCHASE KWALITY WALLS ICE CREAM OVER DINSHAW`S IRRESPECTIVE OF DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE IN THE ROURKELA† By (PRANAB MISHRA) E-No. 0801215708 (INC Rourkela) T ABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Acknowledgements. 2. Introduction a. Objectives. b. Limitations. 3. Research Methodology. 4. Findings. 5. Conclusions. 6. Appendices. 7. References. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Any accomplishment requires the effort of many people and this work is not different. I am thankful to my faculty Supervisor Mr. C. P. Giri for supporting me and guiding me throughout the project. This report would not have been possible without her help.I am equally thankful to the Principal, INC Rourkela, Mr. D. P. Das for encouraging me and inspiring me to do my project with full dedication. PRANAB MISHRA INTRODUCTION HISTORY OF ICE CREAM Ice Cream is the most famous delicacy all over the world. People of all ages love ice cream and frequently enjoy it. Here are some amazing facts about ice cream: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Nero (37-68 A. D. ), The Roman Emperor, is said to have eaten a sort of water-ice. The Chinese claim that they have been making and consuming Ice Cream since ages. Supposedly, Marco Polo (1254 – 1324) carried the Chinese Ice Cream recipes back with him to Venice.These were then introduced to the French by Italian chefs retinue of Catherine de? Medici when she married Henri II of France. Royal Ice Cellars were built in Mesopotamia in around 2000 B. C. These were used to cool wines and foods During the late 1600s, The French King Louis XIV was known to have feasts with colored water-ice and liqueurs. Nicholas Lemery’s Recueil de curiositez rares et nouvelles de plus admirables effets de la nature, published in 1674, contained the first recipe for flavored ices. The Quaker colonists who brought their ice cream recipes with them introduced ice cream to the United States.It is said that Ice Cream was regularly consumed by Ben Franklin, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson. During the eighteenth century, the spread of ice pails and cookery books with ice recipes, almost everywhere around the globe, resulted in the delicacy becoming more common. Robert Green, in 1874, is supposed to have invented the Ice Cream Soda, which took ice cream consumption in America and other parts of the world to great heights. The twentieth century saw an explosion of sorts in the popularity of ice cream owing to availability of cheap refrigeration.Italian confectioners made Gelato, their own form of Ice Cream, which became immensely famous due its texture and lightness. During the St. Louis World’s Fair in 1904, cones were used for the first time to serve Ice Cream. A chemical research team in Britain came up with the soft ice cream, which had more air in it. It became immensely popular because of its creamy yet light texture. Toda y, it is popularly known as the ‘Softy’ ice cream. †¢ In the 1980s, the older, thicker ice creams made a comeback and were referred to as ‘Premium’ Ice Creams. Basically the ice-cream business comes under FMCG sector.In India, the condition of FMCG sector is very well and challenging. India is an important market for FMCG players. The Indian FMCG sector is the fourth largest sector in the economy with a total market size of around US$ 18. 1 bn. Ice-Cream segment of FMCG:Ice-cream is one of the most important part of FMCG sector. It comes under Food and Beverage segment. The total market value of Ice-cream trade in India is more than Rs. 20000 crore. It is increasing day per day. During the year of 2002-02, there was very little demand of Ice-cream in India but as the time passed away, the demand of Ice-cream is also increasing in India.Now a day, there are six national level companies engaged in dealing with Ice-cream including two MNCs. The demand of Ice-cream is also increases in India. As the demand of Ice-cream is increasing in India but the market of Ice-cream is not as much as it’s share in US and some other foreign countries. According to the survey of Motilal Oshwal, in the present time, the per capita consumption of Ice-cream in India is US $0. 2 which is US $49 in USA and US $33 in Germany. We can see it in the following table:TABLE 1:- PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF ICE-CREAM (IN US $):-As given in the above table, the per capita consumption of Ice-cream in India is only US $0. 2 which is much smaller than the same in USA, but the main thing is the increasing opportunities for Ice-cream trade. MAJOR FACTORS:1. The broad market of semi urban market. 2. Least no. of competition. 3. Increase in consumption level of people. 4. Favorable climate for ice-cream in India. 5. GDP growth and growth in per capita income. We can get all the datas regarding the per capita incoma of India from the following table:TABLE 2:- PER CAP ITA INCOME OF INDIA SINCE 2000 As given in the table, the GDP of India is increasing in the last 5 years.It has brought a remarkable change in the spending habits of consumers; it has moved the consumer’s preferences from economic to premium products. In those days, people unhasitantly wants to spend money on good and quality products. It has been a gain for food and beverage industry. As the result the ice cream industry is also improving and it develops at an increasing rate. THE THREE STAGES IN CONSUMPTION PROCESS OF ICECREAM Pre-purchase:- Brand image, Health issues, suitability Brand image of the ice cream – The consumer considers the kind of image the brand that he is going to purchase depicts.It has to suit certain status symbol, quality and any other personal brand requirements that the consumer may have. It is important that the brand maintains good will, satisfactory to the consumer Health Issue to ice creams relating-The modern consumer is highly health cons cious and is becoming aware of the rising health issues and its impacts. It is important that the brand satisfies this need of the consumers and ensures health related gains rather than loss. About which we will be discussing further in this report. Suitability – The product should suit the taste, flavor and ingredients that is in line with the consumer needs and wants.Purchase:-Price, Environment, Service Price of ice cream -Price should be affordable and the product should provide money’s worth in terms of quality, quantity and consumer satisfaction. as kids also form a main segment of our section a proper care should be given as far as pricing is concerned. Environment-The environment should be such that the consumer wants to stay there and spent some quality and quantity time. Service- The service should be fast so that the customer waiting time should be less and leads to their satisfaction and results in formation of good brand image. Post-purchase:- Quality, Sat isfaction, Store experienceQuality of ice cream – the quality of the ice cream delivered certainly plays a vital role in determining whether the customer will re purchase the brand or not. The quality and taste of ice cream determines the satisfaction level of the customer and hence plays a vital role in determining his approach towards the product. Satisfaction from ice cream- well satisfaction is a holistic picture the total experience of the customer with the brand considering various factors as mentioned above and then finally arriving at a conclusion saying whether he is satisfied or not from the product.OBJECTIVES †¢ Explore the mindset of the consumer towards ice-cream. †¢ Understanding the buying behavior and thinking about Kwality Walls and Dinshaw`s ice cream. †¢ Find out the preference of the consumer regarding the two brands. †¢ Investigate the purchase of Kwality Walls over Dinshaw`s ice cream irrespective of demographic structure in Rourkela city. †¢ Have comparative study of value of products of both the brands. †¢ Determine the customer awareness regarding both the brands. LIMITATIONS †¢ Since ice-cream being an entertainment retailers are not able to highlight the exact attributes. Convenience sampling used here has its own limitations. †¢ There have been some inaccuracies due to non – cooperative and rude behavior of the respondents. †¢ Due to unavailability of accurate secondary data, my reliance was made on the primary data. †¢ When I interviewed children and teenagers, sometimes they use to give answers under the influence of their parents or elders. †¢ Dinshaw`s ice cream has no homepage. †¢ Few outlets for Kwality Wall`s ice cream. RESEARCH METHOD SAMPLING METHOD Convenience sampling was used by the researcher because it is easy and cheap to collect data.Moreover the population size was very large to cover so it was best to use convenience sampling. DATA COLLECTION Both Primary as well as Secondary Research Method has been included for preparing this final report. PRIMARY SOURCE †¢ Observation †¢ Personal Interviews OBSERVATIONS – It is the methods of nothing and recording information without asking specific question from the respondents. The advantage of this method is that it is highly effective to provide information asked for. PERSONAL INTERVIEWS – In this method I asks the question from the performa in the order questions are listed and record the replies.SECONDARY SOURCE †¢ Google search engine. †¢ Other web links. COMPANY PROFILE KWALITY ICE CREAM Kwality Ice Cream is the pioneer in the Indian ice-cream manufacturing industry and in 1956 became the first company in the country to use imported technology for manufacturing ice-cream on a commercial scale. As the ice-cream industry exploded in India, in 1995 Kwality Group joined hands with Hindustan Lever Limited and then there was no looking back. The In dian consumer market was introduced to â€Å"KWALITY WALLS† – the result of a collaboration between global brand Walls and the leading Indian ice-cream brand Kwality.Though the two giants eventually parted ways, the collaboration made Kwality a household name and created deep in roads for the brand in the consumer market. Today, Kwality is not just a brand – it is the ice-cream associated with the Indian summer; it’s the first choice in ice-cream for any child or adult during the scorching Indian summers. Kwality ice-creams are trusted not only for their rich, creamy flavours, but also for their trusted quality and nutritious food value. PRODUCT PROFILE Type Selection Tiramisu Nochiola Caramel Crunch Cookies n Cream Fruit n Nut Mocha Brownie Fudge Paddle Pop Black Grape Jelly Candy Cake XplosionChoco Berry Nova Choco Vanilla Feast Chocobar, Chocolate, Almond Fudge, Fruit n Nut, Moo Stick Sandwich Multi Cornetto Snackers Filrty Strawberry Choco Fudge Butte r Scotch Italian Gelato DINSHAW’S ICE CREAM INCEPTION Early 1930s: Two enterprising brothers, DINSHAW and ERUCH RANA, started a small dairy business in Gittikhadan, on the outskirts of Nagpur. Their obsession with quality and transparent business practices, brought prosperity and confidence to the young businessmen. When opportunity knocked in the form of an Englishman who suggested that they try manufacturing ice cream, the idea was readily translated into reality. DINSHAW’S ICE CREAM† was born in 1933 when Nagpurians came to know the creamy, hand churned delicacy. INTIAL GROWTH An alien concept, ice cream eating was considered a luxury, which could only be indulged in, on very special days during the sweltering heat of Nagpur’s grueling summer. The conviction of their ultimate success, and the vision of these young entrepreneurs, far outweighed the difficulties of running a purely seasonal business with its vagaries of demand . By mid forties, Nagpurâ₠¬â„¢s gentry had extended ice cream eating into the winter and the name DINSHAW’S had become synonymous with the ice cream in Nagpur.THE SECOND GENERATION GROWTH: SAM DINSHAW RANA and JIMMY ERUCH RANA put on the mantles of their august fathers. Burning with the same zeal to succeed, the same uncompromising attitude towards quality and service, the Rana cousins struck out for wider horizons in 1981. With an investment of just Rs. 5 Lakhs, a small factory came up to replace the cattle pounds. The dairy business gracefully gave way to its prospering offspring, the ice-cream business. The magic of† â€Å"DINSHAW’S goodwill spawned a net work of enthusiastic dealer-franchises all over central India, where DINSHAW’S enjoy near monopoly even today.Success breeds Success. The sound business principles of the founders, which gave them their initial success, became the foundation of DINSHAW’S business edifice. Quality consciousness went beyond the quality of relations with employees, business associates and its ultimate consumer. By 1987 DINSHAW’S was known in central India as not only the company, which made the best ice creams, but also the company that built best relations. Persistent efforts from prospective distributors and dealers of other areas and greater demand for varieties from existing areas forced DINSHAW’S to expand its manufacturing capacities.Imported continuous freezers expand plants and storage facilities wide with market demand. By 1989 cold storage depots had sprung up in Raipur, Jabalpur, Indore, Akola, Aurangabad, Pune, Hyderabad, Guntur and Vishakhapatnam more by pressures of demand than by design. Consumer appreciation for its products and for its credo of â€Å"VALUE FOR MONEY† forced continuous expansion and modernization of manufacturing capacities which today are to the tune of 35000 Liters of ice-cream per day. By 1990 the business was experiencing difficulty in getting regular supplies of good quality to need its ever-increasing needs.The obstacles were turned into an opportunity to diversify into Diary business. The firm had turned full circle by coming back to its parent business of Diary which today has a capacity to process and pouch 1lac liters of Milk per day. The citizens of Nagpur who were dependent only on milk supplied by Government Milk Scheme and local vendors welcomed the supply of standardized quality milk and DINSHAW’S became the first branded milk to be sold in Nagpur. Being a responsible corporate citizen and being aware of the needs of protecting its environment, DINSHAW’S have invested more than Rs. 0 lakhs in an Effluent Treatment Plant, which is a model for any industry of its size. As in all other areas, Dinshaw’s foray in Bombay has been on a low key. DINSHAW’S have been able to grow in the face of competition from national and multinational giants of the industry because of the inherent strength of its products, policies and people. PRODUCT PROFILE Type Cups Fundae Strawberry Vanilla Big Cups Kesar pista Choco chips Kaju Kismis Butter Scotch Mango Pista Strawberry Vanilla Bars Ice Lolies Heart Beat Tripple Treat Champ Choco bar Choco bar Kulfi Take Home PacksFamily Tubs Anjir Badam Mocha Almond Banana Split Kesar Kamaal King Alphanso Fruit Overload Choco Chips Butter Scotch Pineapple Supreme Smart Packs Smart Raspberry Smart Mango Tago Family Packs Vanilla Strawberry Pista Party Packs Kesar Pista Butter Scotch 3 in 1 Strawberry Vanilla Log Lamour Club Pack Novelties Sundaes Maha Sundae Butter Scotch Mocha Almond Fruity Fundae Novelties Cassatta Flora Kulfi Yorker Cones Carnival Butter Scotch Choco chips Orange city Badam Roasted ANALYSING AND INTERPRETETION Credit period Company Kwality Walls Dinshaw’s †¢ Days 5-6 days 7 daysThe credit period given by Dinshaw`s is 7 days as compared to Kwality Walls which is providing credit period of 5-6 days. Complain Company Kwality Walls Di nshaw’s Major complaint Delivery time is high Poor service during peak season Rating ** ** Rating levels **** 100% satisfied *** More than 80% ** More than 60 % * Below 60% †¢ It was observed that the dealers are complaining. †¢ 4 star systems is used to find the satisfaction level. Margin structure Brand`s Name Kwality Walls Dinshaws Margin to Distributor 8% 10% †¢ Margin to Retailer 22% 25. 50% Dinshaws is giving more margin than Kwality Walls. Market share (Product wise)Product Strawberry Chocolate Mango Vanilla Others †¢ Percentage 30% 18% 18% 14% 20% Even after the entry so many differentiated product ranges Strawberry is still ruling the market. Importance of Attributes Attributes Taste Price Company Image Advertisement †¢ Conscious 39% 44% 6. 5% 10% It is observed that the people in Rourkela city are more conscious about Price than Taste. These are the four factors which affects the buyers’ decision process. CS ON UMP IO O IC -C E T N F E R AM TEE NAGE R CHILD ADULT OLDPE ON RS Data 41% regarding different consumer’s choice 23% 21% 15% TE ENAG R E CHILD ADULT OLDPERSONThe above graph is showing the demand of ice-cream among the different age level of consumers. As per above data chart, the consumption of ice-cream is more among the teenagers. Due to the season, trend, advertisement, and some other requirements, they prefer ice-cream much more. At the present time, the 41% of total consumption of ice-cream is done by teenagers. Children are second most demandable consumer for ice-cream. In the other sense we can say that the children are the way to turn a person’s mindset for purchasing of goods. Present time, there are 23% of total consumption of ice-cream is done by children.From the last few years, the demand of ice-cream is increased among the service persons, college students, sports persons etc. the 21% of total consumption of ice-cream is made by adult persons. There are some flavors of ice-crea m like strawberry, chocolate etc are most preferred by old peoples. 15% of total consumption is done by old persons. Quality COMPARE QUALITY OF BOTH ICE-CREAM COMPANY PRODUCT AWARENESS All people are known about dinshaws ice-cream. Market Share (Kwality walls vs. Dinshaws) The following table shows the market share of each company in Nasik ice-cream market. CompanyKwality Walls Percentage 9% Dinshaws 23% Dinshaws ice-cream share is 23% in Rourkela ice cream market. dinshaws ice-cream has also exclusive parlors. LITERATURE REVIEW Today Consumers have higher expectations than ever before. They want products to match these expectations. They also want accurate, up-to-date and useful information about what they buy and above all they need Quality According to the report of Sumit Kukreja, a management trainee from Amity University, food and beverages are the one of the largest growing trade in FMCG sector and ice-cream is the pathfinder of this trade.The continues grow in the demand of i ce-cream in India is showing the great opportunity in future. Motilal Oshwal, a marketing research company has been reported that the growth rate of icecream in India is steady but it increasing in the future. Survey by A. C. Nielsen shows about 71 per cent of Indian take notice of pack-aged goods' labels containing nutritional, information compared to two years ago which was only 59 per cent. India is the largest milk producer in the world, yet only around 15 per cent of the milk is processed. The organized liquid milk business is in its infancy and also has large long-term growth potential.Even investment opportunities exist in value-added products like desserts, puddings etc. According to CMIE Data, Aggregate sale of this industry is expected to increase by 19. 2 per cent during the December 2009 quarter. FINDINGS 1. The basic reason of buying that brand most of the answers were quality, availability, packaging and the decor of the store. 2. Consumers preferring DINSHAW`S and KWA LITY WALLS were a bit price conscious though but they agreed that they do look for more quality and taste. 3. The advertisements and offers do influence consumers purchase behavior regarding ice cream. 4.The basic needs that consumers want to fulfill through an ice cream are taste and quality. And that without providing taste it is not possible to sell a product like ice cream. 5. Any ice cream brand in the town should have innovative packaging, more flavors, availability, natural elements etc. to cater to their unfulfilled needs. 6. There is lack of Sales Promotional Activities i. e. free tattoo, extra weight, toys, quiz contest etc. 7. Some of retailers places both brands according to consciousness and demand of customer 8. Dinshaws ice-cream share is 23% in Rourkela ice cream market whereas Kwality walls has only 9% market share. . The quality of Dinshaws ice cream is better than Kwality walls ice cream. 10. Dinshaws ice-cream has different variety of ice-cream. They have provide d many packs such as select & premium. These two have provided the customer to choose a pack of his choice. CONCLUSIONS 1) The response regarding both the companies varies from person to person. 2) India has a good potential market for the ice-cream; research shows that an average Indian eats ice-cream four times a year so company must try to increase this rate by promoting effective campaign. ) Taste and price are the two main attributes that people feel important for the purchase of ice-cream. 4) During survey it was found that Kwality Walls has less visibility, which has capability to retain image in consumers mind. So it is very necessary to increase it. 5) Rourkela has lots of nearby places for picnic, which remains overcrowded on weekends, so more mobile vans should be added to increase the sales. 6) Some of the innovative ideas should be made for the high selling retailers. Such as forming the club and giving them special packages which will encourage the dealers. ) To attrac t youths, sponsorship programs needs to be taken. 8) The rates of all the companies are generally equal. But special item of ice-cream’s rates are different. Such as party packs, family packs, novelty & other the rates, which are equal of all the companies in regular items such as Ice candy, Bar, Cone, Small Cups & Large Cups. 9) Finally I would like to conclude that as far as Rourkela city is concerned people purchase more of Dinshaws ice cream instead of Kwality Walls ice cream. APPENDICES QUESTIONNAIRE (Common) 1. What is your favorite brand in ice cream? . What makes you like that ice cream? 3. How much importance does price play in your choice of brand of ice cream? 4. To what extent do the advertisements and offers influence your purchase? 5. What is the only thing that an ice cream must have according to you? 6. What will be the factors that you suggest a new ice cream brand in your town should have? QUESTIONNAIRE (Special) 1. DO YOU KEEP THE ICE-CREAM? A) YES__ B) NO_ _ 2. WHICH IS YOUR LARGEST SELLING ICE-CREAM BRAND? A) DINSHAWS__ B) KWALITY WALLS__ 3. WHICH CATEGORY OF ICE-CREAM PREFERS BY CONSUMERS?A) PREMIUM __ B) CONE__ C) CUP__ D) STICK__ E) OTHERS__. 4. ARE YOU SATSFY WITH THE DELIVERY SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTOR? A) STRONGLY SATISFY__ B) SATISFY__ A) AVG. SATISFY__ D) LOWER SATISFY__ E) UNSATISFY__ 5. How do you scale your ice-cream? ATTRIBUTE POOR AVERAGE GOOD EXCELLENT PRICE SWEETNESS PACKAGING SCHEMES AVAILABILITY 6. SUGGESSIONS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. REFERENCES http://www. kwalitywalls. in/hoic. htm http://www. kwalitywalls. in/freezer. htm http://www. hul. co. in/brands/kwality_walls. asp http://www. scribed. com http://www. google. com

Couric Family Tree - Ancestry of Katie Couric

Couric Family Tree - Ancestry of Katie Couric 1. Katherine Anne (Katie) COURIC was born on 7 Jan 1957 in Arlington, Va. Second Generation 2. John Martin COURIC Jr.  was born on 28 Aug 1920 in Brunswick, Glynn Co., Ga. He married Elinor HENE married on 26 Jan 1944 in Chicago, Cook Co., Ill. 3. Elinor HENE  was born on 30 Jun 1923 in Omaha, Douglas Co., Nebr. John Martin COURIC Jr. and Elinor HENE had the following children: i. Emily COURIC was born on 5 Jun 1947 in Atlanta, Fulton County, Georgia, and died of pancreatic cancer on 18 Oct 2001 in Charlottesville, Albemarle County, Virginia. ii. Clara (Kiki) COURIC (living) iii. John Martin COURIC III (living) 1 iv. Katherine Anne (Katie) COURIC Third Generation 4. John Martin COURIC  was born on 19 Jan 1886 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.  and died on 13 Apr 1947 in Laurens Co., Ga.  He married Wildie Churchill HIBBLER on 11 Jan 1912  and is buried in Fairview Cemetery, Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala. 5. Wildie Churchill HIBBLER  was born on 5 Jul 1886 in Miss.  and died in Apr 1974 in Arlington, Va.  She was buried in Fairview Cemetery, Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala. John Martin COURIC and Wildie Churchill HIBBLER had the following children: i. Charlotte COURIC  was born about 1914 in Georgia.2 ii. John Martin COURIC Jr. 6. Berthold B. (Bert) HENE  was born on 18 Jun 1890 in Burlington, Des Moines Co., Iowa.  He worked as an architect  and described himself as medium height and build, with grey eyes and black hair.  He married Clara L. FROHSIN. 7. Clara L. FROHSIN  was born on 8 Jan 1898 in Alexander City, Tallapoosa Co., Ala. and died on 20 Nov 1987 in Atlanta, Fulton Co., Ga. Berthold B. (Bert) HENE and Clara L. FROHSIN had the following children: 3 i. Elinor HENEii. Bert HENE Jr.  was born about 1926 in Nebraska. Explore More of the Couric Family Tree First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Fifth Generation Sixth Generation Back to Generations 1-3 8. Alfred Alexis COURIC was born on 20 Feb 1843 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.  and died on 17 Dec 1917 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.  He married Sarah Sophia (Sallie) MCKLEROY on 20 Dec 1871 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.  and is buried in Fairview Cemetery, Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala. 9. Sarah Sophia (Sallie) MCKLEROY was born on 18 Apr 1850 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.  and died on 9 Jan 1900 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.  She is buried in Fairview Cemetery, Eufaula, Barbour County, Alabama. Alfred Alexis COURIC and Sarah Sophia (Sallie) MCKLEROY had the following children: i. Mollie Shorter COURIC was born on 2 May 1873 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.  and died on 24 Apr 1947 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.  She is buried in Fairview Cemetery, Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.ii. Alfred Alexis (Lex) COURIC was born on 11 May 1876 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.  and died on 23 May 1941 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.  He is buried in Fairview Cemetery, Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.iii. Katherine Kolb COURIC was born on 18 Jan 1878 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.  and died on 6 May 1936.iv. William McKleroy (Roy) COURIC was born on 25 Jun 1880 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.  and died on 12 Sep 1918 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.  He is buried in Fairview Cemetery, Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.v. Sarah Pauline COURIC was born on 3 Feb 1882 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.  and died on 11 Sep 1954 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.  She is buried in Fairview Cemetery, Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.vi. Charles Mathuron COURIC was born in 1884 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala. an d died in 1934 in Dawson, Ga.4 vii. John Martin COURICviii. Junius Battle COURIC was born on 28 Jun 1889 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala. and died on 3 Nov 1968 in Miami, Dade Co., Fla.ix. Edmonson Shorter COURIC was born on 5 Jan 1891 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala. and died on 23 Aug 1953 in Miami, Dade Co., Fla.x. Martha Gill COURIC died at the age of 7 months, 1 day  and is buried in Fairview Cemetery, Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala. 10. James Edmund HIBBLER  was born on 20 Sep 1847 in Alabama and died on 25 Feb 1921. He married Ida Hill IVY on 2 Mar 1871 in Noxubee Co., Miss. 11. Ida Hill IVY  was born on 5 Dec 1849 in Mississippi and died on 5 May 1927. James Edmund HIBBLER and Ida Hill IVY had the following children: i. Carrie B. HIBBLER  was born about 1871 in Noxubee Co., Miss. ii. Fannie HIBBLER  was born about Apr 1873 in Mississippi. iii. James S. HIBBLER  was born about 1874 in Noxubee Co., Miss. iv. Robert HIBBLER  was born about 1876 in Noxubee Co., Miss. v. Mary A. HIBBLER  was born about 1879 in Noxubee Co., Miss. vi. Lottie J. HIBBLER  was born about Mar 1882 in Mississippi. 5 vii. Wildie Churchill HIBBLER viii. Laura HIBBLER  was born about Oct 1890 in Mississippi. 12. Aaron HENE  was born about Oct 1848 in Bavaria.  He immigrated about 1864-1865 to the United States  and was naturalized in 1893.  He worked as a cigar maker  and married Matilda MEYER about 1883. 13. Matilda MEYER  was born about Aug 1862 in Germany.  She immigrated in 1874  or 1889  to the United States and was naturalized in 1893. Aaron HENE and Matilda MEYER had the following children: 6 i. Berthold B. (Bert) HENEii. Robert D. HENE  was born about Mar 1899 in Nebraska. 14. Isaac FROHSIN was born on 2 Aug 1865 in Brakel, Hoxter, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany and died on 26 Dec 1922 in Alexander City, Tallapoosa Co., Ala. He is buried on 28 Dec 1922 in West Point, Troup Co., Ga. Isaac married Emma HAGEDORN on 10 Feb 1897 in West Point, Troup Co., Ga. 15. Emma HAGEDORN was born on 4 Aug 1865 in Giershagen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany and died on 13 Apr 1946 in Alexander City, Tallapoosa Co., Ala. She is buried in West Point, Troup Co., Ga. Isaac FROHSIN and Emma HAGEDORN had the following children: 7 i. Clara L. FROHSINii. Leon FROHSIN was born on 5 Jan 1899 in Alexander City, Tallapoosa Co., Ala. and died on 6 Nov 1973 in Fulton Co., Ga.iii. Ralph FROHSIN was born on 24 Aug 1902 in Alexander City, Tallapoosa Co., Ala. and died on 13 Oct 1994 in Alexander City, Tallapoosa Co., Ala.iv. Lewis FROHSIN was born on 16 Apr 1906 in Alexander City, Tallapoosa Co., Ala. and died on 8 Aug 1977 in Fulton Co., Ga. Explore More of the Couric Family Tree First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Fifth Generation Sixth Generation Back to Generations 1-3 16. Charles Mathuron COURIC was born on 24 Nov 1817 in Laurient, France  and died on 19 May 1861 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.  He married Henrietta Francoise Farier DOUTRE about 1839 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala. and is buried in Fairview Cemetery, Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala. 17. Henrietta Francoise Farier DOUTRE was born on 10 Aug 1805 in Saintes, France  and died on 22 Nov 1873 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.  She is buried in Fairview Cemetery, Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala. Charles Mathuron COURIC and Henrietta Francoise Farier DOUTRE had the following children: i. Lucien COURIC was born about 1841 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala. and died about 1898 in Wetumka, Ala.8 ii. Alfred Alexis COURICiii. Frances Elizabeth COURIC was born about 1845 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala. and died on 1 Jan 1900 in Union Springs, Ala.iv. Alida Mathilde COURIC was born on 25 Oct 1847 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala. and died on 14 Mar 1933 in Mobile, Ala. 18. Captain William Henry MCKLEROY was born unknown. He married Martha Gill SHORTER. 19. Martha Gill SHORTER was born about 21 Sep 1821 in Pass Christian, La.  and died on 6 Sep 1855. Captain William Henry MCKLEROY and Martha Gill SHORTER had the following children: i. Emily Francis MCKLEROYii. John Martin MCKLEROYiii. William Henry MCKLEROY IIiv. Mittie MCKLEROYv. Mary MCKLEROY9 vi. Sarah Sophia (Sallie) MCKLEROYvii. Reuben S. MCKLEROY died in Sep 1855 in Pass Christian, La. 20. James Lawrence HIBBLER was born on 24 Nov 1812 in Edgefield Co., S.C. and died on 20 Mar 1880. He married Mary Ann AMASON on 9 Feb 1838 in Sumter Co., Ala. 21. Mary Ann AMASON was born on 19 Aug 1819 in N.C. James Lawrence HIBBLER and Mary Ann AMASON had the following children: i. Laura Jane HIBBLER was born on 10 Dec 1838 in Sumter Co., Ala.ii. Infant HIBBLER was born in 1840 in Sumter Co., Ala. and died in 1840 in Sumter Co., Ala.iii. Thomas William HIBBLER was born on 15 Aug 1842 in Sumter Co., Ala. and died on 3 Oct 1857 in Sumter Co., Ala.iv. Robert HIBBLER was born on 10 Nov 1845 in Sumter Co., Ala.10 v. James Edmund HIBBLERvi. Infant HIBBLER was born on 10 Dec 1849 in Sumter Co., Ala. and died on 10 Dec 1849 in Sumter Co., Ala.vii. Infant HIBBLER was born on 15 Dec 1851 in Sumter Co., Ala. and died on 15 Dec 1851 in Sumter Co., Ala.viii. Mary Frances HIBBLER was born on 11 Aug 1852 in Sumter Co., Ala. 22. Bird IVY  was born on 5 Mar 1812 in Warrenton Co., Ga. and died on 8 May 1884 in Pickens Co., Ala. He married Caroline Jemima COCKRELL and is buried in 1884 in Old Memphis Cemetery, Cochrane, Pickens Co., Ala. 23. Caroline Jemima COCKRELL  was born on 5 Oct 1827 in S.C. and died on 30 Nov 1895 in Noxubee Co., Miss. She is buried in 1895 in Odd Fellows Cemetery, Macon, Noxubee Co., Miss. Bird IVY and Caroline Jemima COCKRELL had the following children: i. Thomas William IVY was born about 1846 in Noxubee Co., Miss.11 ii. Ida Hill IVYiii. Charlotte Gibson IVY was born about 1851 in Ala.iv. Jesse Churchill IVY23 was born about 1854 in Miss.v. Jeremiah A. IVY was born about 1856 in Miss.vi. Carrie Moore IVY was born on 15 Jun 1860 in Noxubee Co., Miss.vii. Fannie Barrett IVY was born on 18 Sep 1861 in Miss. 24. Wolfgang HENE was born about 1814 in Geinsheim, Germany He married Mahle (Mable?) UNKNOWN. 25. Mahle (Mable?) UNKNOWN  was born about 1813 in Bavaria. Wolfgang HENE and Mahle (Mable?) had the following children: i. Isaac HENE  was born about Mar 1838 in Geinsheim, Germany and died on 14 Mar 1905 in Cook Co., Illinois.  He immigrated in 1863 to the United States  and worked as a vegetable peddler in Chicago.ii. Simon HENE was born on 15 Feb 1843 in Geinsheim, Rhein Pfalz, Germany  and died on 25 Mar 1895.  He is buried in the Jewish Cemetery, Burlington, Des Moines Co., Iowa.iii. Charles HENE  was born on 12 Dec 1844 in Geinsheim, Germany  and died on 3 Jun 1901 in Colorado.  He was a cigar manufacturer in Chicago, Cook Co., Ill.  and is buried in Fairmount Cemetery, Denver, Colo. 12 iv. Aaron HENE v. Bertha HENE  was born about 1854 in Bavaria.vi. Blondiso (Blondie) HENE  was born about Jul 1873 in Germany. She immigrated in 1885 to the United States. 26. MEYER was born and had the following children: 13 i. Matilda MEYERii. Freda MEYER  was born about 1873 in Germany. Fifth Generation Continued Explore More of the Couric Family Tree First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Fifth Generation Sixth Generation Back to Fifth Generation, Part One Fifth Generation, Continued 28. Solomon FROHSIN was born about 1838 in Brakel, Hoxter, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany. He married Julia LEVINSOHN. 29. Julia LEVINSOHN was born. Solomon FROHSIN and Julia LEVINSOHN had the following children: i. Jonas FROHSIN was born on 27 Aug 1856 in Brakel, Hoxter, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany and died on 23 Apr 1949 in New York, N.Y. He is buried in Atlanta, Fulton Co., Ga.ii. Ida FROHSIN was born on 27 Aug 1857 in Brakel, Hoxter, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany and died in 1938.iii. Abraham FROHSIN was born on 20 May 1864 in Brakel, Hoxter, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany and died on 14 Apr 1942 in New York, N.Y. He is buried on 17 Apr 1942 in Mt. Sinai Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pa.14 iv. Isaac FROHSINv. Cecelia FROHSIN was born on 28 Sep 1869 in Brakel, Hoxter, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany and died on 15 Jun 1949 in Philadelphia, Pa. She is buried on 17 Jun 1949 in Mt. Sinai Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pa. 30. Abraham HAGEDORN was born on 26 Oct 1819 and died on 15 May 1908. He married Clara ROSENBAUM. 31. Clara ROSENBAUM was born on 10 May 1825 and died on 19 Apr 1897. She is buried in Giershagen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany. Abraham HAGEDORN and Clara ROSENBAUM had the following children: 15 i. Emma HAGEDORN Sixth Generation 38. Reuben Clarke SHORTER Sr was born on 13 Feb 1787 in Culpepper Co., Va.  and died on 14 Jul 1853 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.  He married Mary Butler GILL on 31 May 1812 in Jasper Co., Ga. 39. Mary Butler GILL was buried in Shorter Cemetery, Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala. Reuben Clarke SHORTER Sr and Mary Butler GILL had the following children: i. Sarah Elizabeth SHORTERii. Emily Frances SHORTER was born on 15 Aug 1816  and died on 13 May 1839.iii. John Gill SHORTER was born on 23 Apr 1818 in Monticello, Jasper Co., Ga.  and died on 29 May 1872.  He was the Alabama Civil War Governor.19 iv. Martha Gill SHORTERv. Eli Sims SHORTER was born on 15 Mar 1823 in Monticello, Jasper Co., Ga.  and died on 29 Apr 1879 in Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.vi. Reuben Clark SHORTER Jr. was born on 22 Jan 1825 in Monticello, Jasper Co., Ga. and died on 14 May 1853 in Montgomery, Montgomery Co., Ala. He is buried in Oakwood Cemetery, Montgomery, Montgomery Co., Ala.vii. William James SHORTER was born on 28 Oct 1826  and died on 2 Oct 1839.viii. Mary Butler SHORTER was born about 1828.ix. Sophia Herndon SHORTER was born on 22 May 1830  and died on 18 Mar 1850.  She is buried in Shorter Cemetery, Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.x. Sampson Slaughter SHORTER was born on 23 Sep 1834  and died on 29 Oct 1840.  He is buried in Shorter Cemeter y, Eufaula, Barbour Co., Ala.xi. Henry Russell SHORTER was born about 1833 in Jasper Co., Ga. and died in 1898.xii. Laura Maria SHORTER 40. Jacob HIBBLER was born in 1762 and died in 1835. He married Virginia BELCHER. 41. Virginia BELCHER was born on 26 Aug 1774 in Greenwich, Sussex Co., N.J. and died in 1824. Jacob HIBBLER and Virginia BELCHER had the following children: 20 i. James Lawrence HIBBLER 56. Louis FROHSIN married UNKNOWN. Louis FROHSIN had the following children: 28 i. Solomon FROHSIN Prepared by Kimberly Powell, January 2006 Explore More of the Couric Family Tree First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Fifth Generation Sixth Generation